{"id":39892,"date":"2020-09-10T22:23:41","date_gmt":"2020-09-10T21:23:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itrc-2020.ouce.ox.ac.uk\/?page_id=39892"},"modified":"2020-09-14T19:50:14","modified_gmt":"2020-09-14T18:50:14","slug":"risk-and-resilience-of-infrastructure-systems","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/nismod\/risk-and-resilience-of-infrastructure-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Risk and resilience of infrastructure systems"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#636363″ background_color_gradient_direction=”160deg” background_image=”https:\/\/itrc-2020.ouce.ox.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/shutterstock_790878583.jpg” background_blend=”multiply” custom_margin=”||||false|false” animation_style=”fade”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font_size=”35px” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_color=”#fe6223″ background_layout=”dark”]<\/p>\n

NISMOD<\/h6>\n

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Risk and resilience of infrastructure systems<\/h1>\n

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How can we identify the risks to infrastructure systems and quantify their resilience to shocks? <\/h4>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_5,1_5,1_5,1_5,1_5″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ custom_margin=”-24px|auto||auto||” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” link_option_url=”#navigation-strip”][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_button button_url=”#introduction” button_text=”Introduction” button_alignment=”center” module_class=”full-width-btn” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_layout=”dark”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_button button_url=”#results” button_text=”Framework” module_class=”full-width-btn” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ positioning=”relative” background_layout=”dark”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_button button_url=”#applications” button_text=”Applications” module_class=”full-width-btn” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_layout=”dark” hover_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_button button_url=”#resources” button_text=”Resources” button_alignment=”center” module_class=”full-width-btn” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_layout=”dark” hover_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_button button_url=”#models” button_text=”Models & Datasets” button_alignment=”center” module_class=”full-width-btn” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_layout=”dark” hover_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ module_id=”introduction” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_enable_color=”off” animation_direction=”left” z_index_tablet=”500″ border_color_all=”#ffffff” border_width_top=”20px” border_width_right=”20px” border_width_left=”20px” border_width_top_tablet=”20px” border_width_top_phone=”20px” border_width_right_tablet=”20px” border_width_right_phone=”20px” border_width_left_tablet=”20px” border_width_left_phone=”20px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” locked=”off”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.2.2″ custom_padding=”||30px|||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”left” animation_intensity_slide=”4%”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font_size=”35px” header_3_font=”|700||on|||||” header_3_text_color=”#3c3c3c” header_4_text_color=”#3c3c3c” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”-40px|||||”]<\/p>\n

INTRODUCTION<\/h3>\n

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In parallel with the work on long-term strategic modelling, ITRC has developed a detailed hierarchical representation of the real-world assets and networks of the UK\u2019s energy, transport, and water infrastructure sectors in order to assess the interdependent systems\u2019 vulnerability to various hazards. This incorporates stochastic climate projections and hydrological modelling to derive profiles of natural hazards such as storms and floods that threaten infrastructure assets and systems.<\/p>\n

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\n[\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ module_id=”results” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#f1f9fa” custom_padding=”||60px|||” animation_direction=”left” z_index_tablet=”500″ border_color_all=”#ffffff” border_width_top=”20px” border_width_right=”20px” border_width_left=”20px” border_width_top_tablet=”20px” border_width_top_phone=”20px” border_width_right_tablet=”20px” border_width_right_phone=”20px” border_width_left_tablet=”20px” border_width_left_phone=”20px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.26.6″ custom_padding=”||30px|||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”left” animation_intensity_slide=”4%”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font_size=”35px” header_3_font=”|700||on|||||” header_3_text_color=”#3c3c3c” header_4_text_color=”#3c3c3c” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”-40px|||||”]<\/p>\n

Risk analysis framework<\/h3>\n

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A NISMOD’s risk analysis framework uses the profiles to examine the robustness and vulnerability of existing and hypothetical configurations of national infrastructure networks, and allows assessment of different national strategies for infrastructure provision based on their risk-footprint under climate change.<\/p>\n

The framework was used to inform the UK Department for Transport\u2019s Review of the resilience of the transport network to extreme weather<\/a> in July 2014; and, working with JBA Consulting and the Met Office, to develop a comprehensive methodology to assess the implications of climate change on interdependent infrastructures<\/a> when designing the route of the High-Speed 2 railway, HS2.<\/p>\n

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\n[\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ module_id=”applications” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#ffffff” custom_padding=”||60px|||” animation_direction=”left” hover_enabled=”0″ z_index_tablet=”500″ border_color_all=”#ffffff” border_width_top=”20px” border_width_right=”20px” border_width_left=”20px” border_width_top_tablet=”20px” border_width_top_phone=”20px” border_width_right_tablet=”20px” border_width_right_phone=”20px” border_width_left_tablet=”20px” border_width_left_phone=”20px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.26.6″ custom_padding=”||30px|||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”left” animation_intensity_slide=”4%”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font_size=”35px” header_3_font=”|700||on|||||” header_3_text_color=”#3c3c3c” header_4_text_color=”#3c3c3c” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”-40px|||||”]<\/p>\n

APPLICATIONS<\/h3>\n

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Building on these tools and methodologies, ITRC has worked with the World Bank in Tanzania, Vietnam and Argentina to assess climate risks to multi-modal transport systems and the costs and benefits of adaptation options, taking into account not only direct risks to infrastructure, such as flood or landslide damage to roads or railways, but also indirect risks to society and the economy: decreased access to schools and hospitals, increase in cost of routes to market, and wider disruptions to input-output flows of goods between regions within countries and internationally.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_button button_url=”#navigation-strip” button_text=”Back to top” button_alignment=”right” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”14px” button_border_radius=”60px” button_font=”|700|||||||” button_icon=”%%0%%” button_icon_color=”#ffffff” button_on_hover=”off” background_layout=”dark”]
\n[\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ module_id=”resources” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#f1f9fa” animation_direction=”left” hover_enabled=”0″ z_index_tablet=”500″ border_color_all=”#ffffff” border_width_top=”20px” border_width_right=”20px” border_width_left=”20px” border_width_top_tablet=”20px” border_width_top_phone=”20px” border_width_right_tablet=”20px” border_width_right_phone=”20px” border_width_left_tablet=”20px” border_width_left_phone=”20px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” locked=”off”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.26.6″ custom_padding=”||30px|||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”left” animation_intensity_slide=”4%”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font_size=”35px” header_3_font=”|700||on|||||” header_3_text_color=”#3c3c3c” header_4_text_color=”#3c3c3c” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”-40px|||||”]<\/p>\n

RESOURCES<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” custom_margin=”||50px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#006f74″ custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true”][et_pb_blurb title=”People” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_level=”h6″ header_font=”|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#fe6223″ header_font_size=”19px” background_layout=”dark” custom_padding=”||||false|false”]<\/p>\n

Raghav Pant<\/p>\n

Tom Russell<\/p>\n

Elco Koks<\/p>\n

Conrad Zorn<\/p>\n

Ed Oughton<\/p>\n

Roald Schoenmakers<\/p>\n

Scott Thacker<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#3c3c3c” custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true”][et_pb_blurb title=”Institutions” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_level=”h6″ header_font=”|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#fe6223″ header_font_size=”19px” background_layout=”dark” custom_padding=”||||false|false”]<\/p>\n

University of Oxford<\/p>\n

Oxford Infrastructure Analytics<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#ffffff” custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true”][et_pb_blurb title=”Related collaborations” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_level=”h6″ header_font=”|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#fe6223″ header_font_size=”19px” custom_padding=”||||false|false”]<\/p>\n

World Bank \u2013 Tanzania, Vietnam, Argentina Transport Risk Analysis projects<\/p>\n

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RELATED MODELS & DATASETS<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” custom_margin=”||50px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false” border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” border_color_all=”#d6d6d6″ border_width_bottom=”0px” border_color_bottom=”#006f74″][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#ffffff” custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true” border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#d6d6d6″ border_width_bottom=”5px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″][et_pb_blurb title=”snkit” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font=”|600|||||||” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||20px||false|false”]<\/p>\n

Spatial Networks Data Cleaning Toolkit<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/github.com\/tomalrussell\/snkit\/” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”View on GitHub” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”bottom_right” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”35px||||false|false”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#ffffff” custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true” border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#d6d6d6″ border_width_bottom=”5px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″][et_pb_blurb title=”Tanzania Transport Risk Analysis” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font=”|600|||||||” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false”][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/github.com\/oi-analytics\/tanzania-transport\/” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”View on GitHub” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”bottom_right” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”35px||||false|false”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#ffffff” custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true” border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#d6d6d6″ border_width_bottom=”5px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″][et_pb_blurb title=”Vietnam Transport Risk Analysis” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font=”|600|||||||” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false”][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/github.com\/oi-analytics\/vietnam-transport\/” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”View on GitHub” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”bottom_right” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”35px||||false|false”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” custom_margin=”||50px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false” hover_enabled=”0″ border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” border_color_all=”#d6d6d6″ border_width_bottom=”0px” border_color_bottom=”#006f74″][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#ffffff” custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true” border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#d6d6d6″ border_width_bottom=”5px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″][et_pb_blurb title=”Argentina Transport Risk Analysis” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font=”|600|||||||” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false”][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/github.com\/oi-analytics\/argentina-transport” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”View on GitHub” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”bottom_right” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”35px||||false|false”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#ffffff” custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true” border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#d6d6d6″ border_width_bottom=”5px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″][et_pb_blurb title=”Risk Analysis Visualisation Tool” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font=”|600|||||||” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||20px||false|false”][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/github.com\/oi-analytics\/oi-risk-vis” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”View on GitHub” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”bottom_right” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”35px||||false|false”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true” hover_enabled=”0″ border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_button button_url=”#navigation-strip” button_text=”Back to top” button_alignment=”right” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”14px” button_border_radius=”60px” button_font=”|700|||||||” button_icon=”%%0%%” button_icon_color=”#ffffff” button_on_hover=”off” background_layout=”dark”]
\n[\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ module_id=”researchthemes” module_class=”themes” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#006f74″ width=”100%” max_width=”98%” module_alignment=”center” min_height=”432px” custom_margin=”20px||||false|false” custom_padding=”16px||38px||false|false” z_index_tablet=”500″ border_color_all=”#AECC52″ border_width_top=”10px” border_color_top=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” border_width_bottom=”5px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″ border_width_top_tablet=”20px” border_width_top_phone=”20px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” global_module=”33572″][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ text_font=”||||||||” header_text_color=”#ffffff” header_3_font=”|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#ffffff” header_4_font=”|700|||||||” header_4_text_color=”#006f74″]<\/p>\n

RESEARCH THEMES<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ position_origin_f=”top_center” width=”96%” max_width=”1760px” min_height=”100px” height=”100px” max_height=”100px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||150px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px||250px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”||455px||false|false” animation_style=”zoom” max_width__hover_enabled=”on|desktop”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_enable_image=”off”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_5_font=”|700|||||||” header_5_text_align=”center” header_5_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_align=”center” header_6_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font_size=”18px” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/energy-e1593364327475.jpg” min_height=”120px” height=”120px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”10%||||false|false” link_option_url=”\/themes\/energy\/” header_6_font_size_phone=”10px” border_width_bottom=”2px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″]<\/p>\n

ENERGY<\/h6>\n

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TRANSPORT<\/h6>\n

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WATER<\/h6>\n

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DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS<\/h6>\n

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DEMOGRAPHICS<\/h6>\n

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URBAN
DEVELOPMENT<\/h6>\n

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ECONOMICS<\/h6>\n

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INFRASTRUCTURE
GOVERNANCE<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ position_origin_f=”top_center” width=”96%” max_width=”1760px” min_height=”100px” height=”100px” max_height=”100px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||150px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”||250px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”||445px||false|false” animation_style=”zoom” max_width__hover_enabled=”on|desktop”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_enable_image=”off”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_5_font=”|700|||||||” header_5_text_align=”center” header_5_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_align=”center” header_6_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font_size=”18px” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/infrastructure-e1593363350576.jpg” min_height=”120px” height=”120px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”10%||||false|false” link_option_url=”\/nismod\/” header_6_font_size_phone=”10px” border_color_top=”#fe6223″ border_width_bottom=”2px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″]<\/p>\n

NISMOD<\/h6>\n

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RISK AND
RESILIENCE<\/h6>\n

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RESEARCH SOFTWARE ENGINEERING<\/h6>\n

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DATABASES<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#636363″ background_color_gradient_direction=”160deg” background_image=”https:\/\/itrc-2020.ouce.ox.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/shutterstock_790878583.jpg” background_blend=”multiply” custom_margin=”||||false|false” animation_style=”fade”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font_size=”35px” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_color=”#fe6223″ background_layout=”dark”] NISMOD [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font_size=”35px” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”-40px|||||”] Risk and resilience of infrastructure systems [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row module_id=”navigation-strip” _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_4_text_color=”#ffffff” header_4_font_size=”17px”] How can we identify the risks to infrastructure systems and quantify their resilience to shocks? [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":33905,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39892","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39892","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39892"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39892\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40077,"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39892\/revisions\/40077"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/33905"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39892"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39892"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39892"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}