{"id":39881,"date":"2020-09-10T21:17:49","date_gmt":"2020-09-10T20:17:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itrc-2020.ouce.ox.ac.uk\/?page_id=39881"},"modified":"2020-10-06T17:18:13","modified_gmt":"2020-10-06T16:18:13","slug":"nismod-for-long-term-infrastructure-planning-in-the-uk","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/nismod\/nismod-for-long-term-infrastructure-planning-in-the-uk\/","title":{"rendered":"NISMOD for long-term infrastructure planning in the UK"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#636363″ background_color_gradient_direction=”160deg” background_image=”https:\/\/itrc-2020.ouce.ox.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/shutterstock_790878583.jpg” background_blend=”multiply” custom_margin=”||||false|false” animation_style=”fade”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font_size=”35px” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_color=”#fe6223″ background_layout=”dark”]<\/p>\n

NISMOD<\/h6>\n

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NISMOD for long-term infrastructure planning in the UK<\/h1>\n

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How can the UK assess its infrastructure needs and plan to meet crucial sustainability and emissions targets? How will long-term pressures and uncertainties affect infrastructure systems? <\/h4>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_5,1_5,1_5,1_5,1_5″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ custom_margin=”-24px|auto||auto||” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” link_option_url=”#navigation-strip”][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_button button_url=”#introduction” button_text=”Introduction” button_alignment=”center” module_class=”full-width-btn” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_layout=”dark”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_button button_url=”#nismod1″ button_text=”NISMOD 1″ module_class=”full-width-btn” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ positioning=”relative” background_layout=”dark”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_button button_url=”#nismod2″ button_text=”NISMOD 2″ module_class=”full-width-btn” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_layout=”dark”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_button button_url=”#resources” button_text=”Resources” button_alignment=”center” module_class=”full-width-btn” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_layout=”dark”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_button button_url=”#models” button_text=”Models & Datasets” button_alignment=”center” module_class=”full-width-btn” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_layout=”dark”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ module_id=”introduction” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_enable_color=”off” animation_direction=”left” z_index_tablet=”500″ border_color_all=”#ffffff” border_width_top=”20px” border_width_right=”20px” border_width_left=”20px” border_width_top_tablet=”20px” border_width_top_phone=”20px” border_width_right_tablet=”20px” border_width_right_phone=”20px” border_width_left_tablet=”20px” border_width_left_phone=”20px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” locked=”off”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.2.2″ custom_padding=”||30px|||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”left” animation_intensity_slide=”4%”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font_size=”35px” header_3_font=”|700||on|||||” header_3_text_color=”#3c3c3c” header_4_text_color=”#3c3c3c” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”-40px|||||”]<\/p>\n

INTRODUCTION<\/h3>\n

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Integrating models of infrastructure systems (transport, energy, water, waste and telecommunications) allows us to run the same assumptions through each system as scenarios, and to test policies and strategies for how they might perform into the future.<\/p>\n

Changes in one system affects others. For example, as electric vehicles are adopted, there would be changing demand for electricity and an effect on the electricity supply network. All this happens in the context of further assumptions about how changing population, behaviour and economy would affect wider patterns of travel and energy use. In the end we measure performance according to specific metrics: carbon emissions, congestion, reliability, system costs and so on.<\/p>\n

Find out more about the development of NISMOD 1 and the current version, NISMOD 2, below.<\/p>\n

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NISMOD 1<\/h3>\n

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NISMOD 1, the first major version of NISMOD, was developed between 2010-2015. It simulates interdependent infrastructure systems in Great Britain and allows the assessment of national cross-sectoral strategies for infrastructure provision based upon a multi-dimensional performance metrics, including costs of service, carbon intensity and security of supply.<\/p>\n

It was used to assess Infrastructure UK\u2019s National Infrastructure Pipeline in 2015, and in testing scenarios for the UK National Infrastructure Commission\u2019s National Infrastructure Assessment in 2017.\u00a0The two core components are NISMOD-LP (NISMOD for Long-term Planning) and NISMOD-DB (NISMOD Database). <\/span><\/p>\n

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NISMOD-LP consists of engineering-based simulation models of energy, transport, water, waste water and waste. Links between the sectors are included through cross-sectoral demand for services, for example energy generation requires water, waste water treatment requires energy.<\/p>\n

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NISMOD-DB stores all model inputs and outputs and enables model communication, post-processing and reporting of results. NISMOD-DB combines hundreds of data layers on Great Britain\u2019s infrastructure systems within a spatial database framework. It is a scenario and output repository for the NISMOD 1 models, and includes innovative algorithms for the identification and synthesis of national scale infrastructure networks from incomplete and unstructured maps.<\/p>\n

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NISMOD 2<\/h3>\n

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NISMOD 2, the second major version of NISMOD, has been in development since 2016, increasing the spatial and temporal resolution of the simulation models, enabling analysis to cut across local to national scales. It simulates infrastructure systems under future scenarios of change, testing the effects of future strategies, at a level of detail that explicitly represents infrastructure networks (water supply, electricity transmission, major roads, railways, fixed and mobile telecoms) and local variation in built environment, demographics and the economy.<\/p>\n

It was used to assess the sustainability of infrastructure and housing development in the Oxford-Milton Keynes-Cambridge Arc in 2019, and in 2020 to inform pathways to decarbonisation for England\u2019s Economic Heartland, the sub-national transport body for the region between Swindon, Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire and Hertfordshire.\u00a0<\/p>\n

The core components are smif (the Python Simulation Modelling Integration Framework), and the independently-released infrastructure systems simulation and scenario-generation models: HIRE energy demand model, CGEN+ energy supply model, NISMOD Transport model, WREW water supply model, CDCAM telecommunications model, SIMIM population migration model, UDM urban development model and Natural Capital Mapping analytical tools.<\/p>\n

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RESOURCES<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” custom_margin=”||50px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#006f74″ custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true”][et_pb_blurb title=”People” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_level=”h6″ header_font=”|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#fe6223″ header_font_size=”19px” background_layout=”dark” custom_padding=”||||false|false”]<\/p>\n

Tom Russell<\/p>\n

Will Usher<\/p>\n

Adrian Hickford<\/p>\n

Jim Hall<\/p>\n

Robert Nicholls<\/p>\n

Alistair Ford<\/p>\n

James Virgo<\/p>\n

Nik Lomax<\/p>\n

Andrew Smith<\/p>\n

Stuart Barr<\/p>\n

Adam Brown<\/p>\n

Pete Tyler<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

Ben Gardiner<\/p>\n

Milan Lovric<\/p>\n

Simon Blainey<\/p>\n

Modassar Chaudry<\/p>\n

Lahiru Jayasuriya<\/p>\n

Barney Dobson<\/p>\n

Edward Oughton<\/p>\n

Vassilis Glenis<\/p>\n

Chris Kilsby<\/p>\n

Stephen Birkinshaw<\/p>\n

Nahid Mohajeri<\/p>\n

Alison Smith<\/p>\n

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University of Oxford<\/p>\n

University of Southampton<\/p>\n

University of Newcastle<\/p>\n

University of Leeds<\/p>\n

Cardiff University<\/p>\n

University of Cambridge<\/p>\n

Cambridge Econometrics<\/p>\n

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England\u2019s Economic Heartland<\/p>\n

Northamptonshire Strategic Infrastructure Plan<\/p>\n

Environment Agency<\/p>\n

Arc Leaders\u2019 Group<\/p>\n

Arc Universities<\/p>\n

Oxfordshire County Council<\/p>\n

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RELATED MODELS & DATASETS<\/h3>\n

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Simulation Model Integration Framework<\/p>\n

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Simulation of Internal Migration (population model)<\/p>\n

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Urban Development Model<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/github.com\/geospatialncl\/OpenUDM\/” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”View on GitHub” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”bottom_right” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”35px||||false|false”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” custom_margin=”||50px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false” border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” border_color_all=”#d6d6d6″ border_width_bottom=”0px” border_color_bottom=”#006f74″][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#ffffff” custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true” border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#d6d6d6″ border_width_bottom=”5px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″][et_pb_blurb title=”HIRE” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font=”|600|||||||” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false”]<\/p>\n

High-Resolution Energy Demand Model<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/github.com\/nismod\/energy_demand” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”View on GitHub” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”bottom_right” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”35px||||false|false”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#ffffff” custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true” border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#d6d6d6″ border_width_bottom=”5px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″][et_pb_blurb title=”CGEN+ ” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font=”|600|||||||” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||20px||false|false”]<\/p>\n

Combined Gas and Electricity Networks Energy Supply Model<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/github.com\/nismod\/energy_supply” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”View on GitHub” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”bottom_right” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”35px||||false|false”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#ffffff” custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true” border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#d6d6d6″ border_width_bottom=”5px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″][et_pb_blurb title=”WREW” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font=”|600|||||||” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false”]<\/p>\n

Water Resources in England and Wales Water Supply Model<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/github.com\/nismod\/water_supply” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”View on GitHub” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”bottom_right” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”35px||||false|false”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” custom_margin=”||50px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false” border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” border_color_all=”#d6d6d6″ border_width_bottom=”0px” border_color_bottom=”#006f74″][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#ffffff” custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true” border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#d6d6d6″ border_width_bottom=”5px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″][et_pb_blurb title=”NISMOD Transport Model v2.0″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font=”|600|||||||” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false”][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/github.com\/nismod\/transport” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”View on GitHub” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”bottom_right” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”35px||||false|false”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#ffffff” custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true” border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#d6d6d6″ border_width_bottom=”5px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″][et_pb_blurb title=”cdcam” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font=”|600|||||||” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false”]<\/p>\n

Cambridge Digital Communications Assessment Model<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/github.com\/nismod\/cdcam” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”View on GitHub” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”bottom_right” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”35px||||false|false”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#ffffff” custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true” border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#d6d6d6″ border_width_bottom=”5px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″][et_pb_blurb title=”NISMOD Natural Capital Mapping” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font=”|600|||||||” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||20px||false|false”][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/github.com\/nismod\/natural-capital-mapping” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”View on GitHub” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ positioning=”absolute” position_origin_a=”bottom_right” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”35px||||false|false”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_button button_url=”#navigation-strip” button_text=”Back to top” button_alignment=”right” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”14px” button_border_radius=”60px” button_font=”|700|||||||” button_icon=”%%0%%” button_icon_color=”#ffffff” button_on_hover=”off” background_layout=”dark”]
\n[\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ module_id=”researchthemes” module_class=”themes” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#006f74″ width=”100%” max_width=”98%” module_alignment=”center” min_height=”432px” custom_margin=”20px||||false|false” custom_padding=”16px||38px||false|false” z_index_tablet=”500″ border_color_all=”#AECC52″ border_width_top=”10px” border_color_top=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” border_width_bottom=”5px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″ border_width_top_tablet=”20px” border_width_top_phone=”20px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” global_module=”33572″][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ text_font=”||||||||” header_text_color=”#ffffff” header_3_font=”|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#ffffff” header_4_font=”|700|||||||” header_4_text_color=”#006f74″]<\/p>\n

RESEARCH THEMES<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ position_origin_f=”top_center” width=”96%” max_width=”1760px” min_height=”100px” height=”100px” max_height=”100px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||150px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px||250px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”||455px||false|false” animation_style=”zoom” max_width__hover_enabled=”on|desktop”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_enable_image=”off”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_5_font=”|700|||||||” header_5_text_align=”center” header_5_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_align=”center” header_6_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font_size=”18px” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/energy-e1593364327475.jpg” min_height=”120px” height=”120px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”10%||||false|false” link_option_url=”\/themes\/energy\/” header_6_font_size_phone=”10px” border_width_bottom=”2px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″]<\/p>\n

ENERGY<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_5_font=”|700|||||||” header_5_text_align=”center” header_5_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_align=”center” header_6_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font_size=”18px” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/transport-e1593371139417.jpg” min_height=”120px” height=”120px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”10%||||false|false” link_option_url=”\/themes\/transport\/” header_6_font_size_phone=”10px” border_width_bottom=”2px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″]<\/p>\n

TRANSPORT<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_5_font=”|700|||||||” header_5_text_align=”center” header_5_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_align=”center” header_6_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font_size=”18px” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/shutterstock_790878583.jpg” min_height=”120px” height=”120px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”10%||||false|false” link_option_url=”\/themes\/water\/” header_6_font_size_phone=”10px” border_width_bottom=”2px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″]<\/p>\n

WATER<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_5_font=”|700|||||||” header_5_text_align=”center” header_5_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_align=”center” header_6_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font_size=”18px” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/digital-e1593371103180.jpg” min_height=”120px” height=”120px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”10%||||false|false” link_option_url=”\/themes\/digital\/” header_6_font_size_phone=”10px” border_width_bottom=”2px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″]<\/p>\n

DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ position_origin_f=”top_center” width=”96%” max_width=”1760px” min_height=”100px” height=”100px” max_height=”100px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||150px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”||250px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”||455px||false|false” animation_style=”zoom” max_width__hover_enabled=”on|desktop”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_enable_image=”off”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_5_font=”|700|||||||” header_5_text_align=”center” header_5_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_align=”center” header_6_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font_size=”18px” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/shutterstock_536340229-1.jpg” min_height=”120px” height=”120px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”10%||||false|false” link_option_url=”\/themes\/demographics\/” header_6_font_size_phone=”10px” border_width_bottom=”2px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″]<\/p>\n

DEMOGRAPHICS<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_5_font=”|700|||||||” header_5_text_align=”center” header_5_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_align=”center” header_6_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font_size=”18px” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/digital-e1593371103180.jpg” min_height=”120px” height=”120px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”10%||||false|false” link_option_url=”\/themes\/urban-development\/” header_6_font_size_phone=”10px” border_width_bottom=”2px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″]<\/p>\n

URBAN
DEVELOPMENT<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_5_font=”|700|||||||” header_5_text_align=”center” header_5_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_align=”center” header_6_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font_size=”18px” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/shutterstock_712110304.jpg” min_height=”120px” height=”120px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”10%||||false|false” link_option_url=”\/themes\/economics\/” header_6_font_size_phone=”10px” border_width_bottom=”2px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″]<\/p>\n

ECONOMICS<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_5_font=”|700|||||||” header_5_text_align=”center” header_5_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_align=”center” header_6_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font_size=”18px” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/digital-e1593371103180.jpg” min_height=”120px” height=”120px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”10%||||false|false” link_option_url=”\/themes\/infrastructure-governance\/” header_6_font_size_phone=”10px” border_width_bottom=”2px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″]<\/p>\n

INFRASTRUCTURE
GOVERNANCE<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” _builder_version=”4.2.2″ position_origin_f=”top_center” width=”96%” max_width=”1760px” min_height=”100px” height=”100px” max_height=”100px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||150px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”||250px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”||445px||false|false” animation_style=”zoom” max_width__hover_enabled=”on|desktop”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_enable_image=”off”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_5_font=”|700|||||||” header_5_text_align=”center” header_5_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_align=”center” header_6_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font_size=”18px” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/infrastructure-e1593363350576.jpg” min_height=”120px” height=”120px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”10%||||false|false” link_option_url=”\/nismod\/” header_6_font_size_phone=”10px” border_color_top=”#fe6223″ border_width_bottom=”2px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″]<\/p>\n

NISMOD<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_5_font=”|700|||||||” header_5_text_align=”center” header_5_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_align=”center” header_6_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font_size=”18px” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/risk-resilience-e1593363402667.jpg” min_height=”120px” height=”120px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”10%||||false|false” link_option_url=”\/themes\/risk-and-resilience\/” header_6_font_size_phone=”10px” border_width_bottom=”2px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″]<\/p>\n

RISK AND
RESILIENCE<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_5_font=”|700|||||||” header_5_text_align=”center” header_5_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_align=”center” header_6_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font_size=”18px” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/digital-e1593371103180.jpg” min_height=”120px” height=”120px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”10%||||false|false” link_option_url=”\/themes\/research-software-engineering\/” header_6_font_size_phone=”10px” border_width_bottom=”2px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″]<\/p>\n

RESEARCH SOFTWARE ENGINEERING<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_5_font=”|700|||||||” header_5_text_align=”center” header_5_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_align=”center” header_6_text_color=”#ffffff” header_6_font_size=”18px” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(0,0,0,0.5)” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/digital-e1593371103180.jpg” min_height=”120px” height=”120px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”10%||||false|false” link_option_url=”\/themes\/databases\/” header_6_font_size_phone=”10px” border_width_bottom=”2px” border_color_bottom=”#fe6223″]<\/p>\n

DATABASES<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#636363″ background_color_gradient_direction=”160deg” background_image=”https:\/\/itrc-2020.ouce.ox.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/shutterstock_790878583.jpg” background_blend=”multiply” custom_margin=”||||false|false” animation_style=”fade”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.26.6″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font_size=”35px” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_text_color=”#fe6223″ background_layout=”dark”] NISMOD [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_font_size=”35px” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”-40px|||||”] NISMOD for long-term infrastructure planning in the UK [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row module_id=”navigation-strip” _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.2.2″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.2.2″ header_4_text_color=”#ffffff” header_4_font_size=”17px”] How can the UK assess its infrastructure needs and plan to meet crucial sustainability and emissions […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":33905,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39881","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39881","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39881"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39881\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40323,"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39881\/revisions\/40323"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/33905"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39881"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39881"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itrc.org.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}